Skin donation: How does it work?
What is the relationship of plasma in blood and skin donation?
Whenever anyone gets burns on the body because of some accident or intentional criminal act, the pain out of those burns is simply unbearable. This pain is more horrible than any other possible pain known to anyone in their life-time.No one can imagine it.If you try to cover the burnt portion of the body by cloth then the pain increases to such a level that the patient has to be given morphine to calm him down. Morphine is given because this pain may last till death and medicines / ointments are applied by using bandage with meshed cotton gauze, only after patient is forced to be calm.
If you want to know what may be a situation of hell, please visit any burnt cases ward in any hospital, big or small.You will not be able to bear the sighs and fearsome painful screams of the burnt patients.Even a small flow of air on the burnt portion of burn generates unbearable pain. Neaurogenic shock, weakness and horrible pain may lead to sudden death.
Just like a burnt brinjal, the yellowish liquid called plasma starts flowing out of burnt skin. Flow does not stop easily and immediate action is not taken, blood start becoming thick due to loss of plasma and a condition called "haemoconcentration" may lead to death of the patient.There is approx. 5 litres of blood in a normal human body.As plasma flows out and proportion of other components of blood start increasing in blood, it leads to "haemoconcentration" which is very dangerous for the patient because this condition of blood leads to thick blood which when flows into kidney, it leads to reduced supply of blood in whole body and kidney fails after some time and patient may die.If this thick blood clots reach blood before failure of kidney, patient may die much earlier before the kidney fails.
Reducing the flow of plasma from skin is highest priority for any burnt patient.
The skin donated by skin donors is applied on the severely burnt area of the body to stop the flow of plasma.This not just reduces dlow of plasma out of body but decreases the severe pain of the patient to a great extent.This becomes a plaster on the skin and can easily be accepted by the body as natural protection just like patient's own skin.Once this happens, chances of survival of burnt patient increases to a great extent.
Approx.after 3 or 4 weeks of skin transplantation, body starts rebuilding its own skin and the transplanted skin slowly wears off. The pieces of this skin falls off during cleaning and bandaging of the patient's burnt skin and slowly original new skins appears on body
Who can donate skin after death?
1) Any healthy person over the age of 18 can donate skin after death
2) Skin must be removed from dead body within 6 hours after the death.
3) Skin donor should not be infected with serious diseases and
death should not be caused because of such serious diseases.
4) The family of the dead person MUST permit in writing to allow skin donation.
5) Skin is removed from flat portions of the body like back, thighs etc
6) Only the upper very thin layer of the body our of many layers is removed by sterile machine which does not involve any bleeding or disfiguring of the body
7) Any religious ritual can be performed after removal of the skin
8) Skin after removal is preserved in 50% glycerol solution before it is processed further.
9) This skin is preserved at 4 degrees temp. after full checking for bacterial/ fungal tests.
10) Skin donation is extremely essential for any major accidents of fire or natural calamities
Ganesh Govund Anande
Ayush blood helpline team head
Contact: 8208386690 / 9225663999
Please call only between 5 m and 6 pm.
Bloodyfast mobile app to save your life
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Courtesy website of Region's hospital in USA
https://www.healthpartners.com/hospitals/regions/specialties/burn-center/skin-grafting/
A first degree or superficial burn heals naturally because your body is able to replace damaged skin cells. Deep second and full-thickness burns require skin graft surgery for quick healing and minimal scarring. In the case of large burn size, patients will need more than one operation during a hospital stay.
Skin grafting is done in a surgical procedure that consists of:
The removal of injured tissue
Selection of a donor site, an area from which healthy skin is removed and used as cover for the cleaned burned area
Harvesting, where the graft is removed from the donor site
Placing and securing the skin graft over the surgically-cleaned wound so it can heal
To help the graft heal and become secure, the area of the graft is not moved for five days following each surgery. During this immobilization period, blood vessels begin to grow from the tissue below into the donor skin, bonding the two layers together. Five days after grafting, exercise therapy programs, tub baths and other normal daily activities resume.
There are a variety of skin grafts, some that provide temporary cover and others that are for permanent wound coverage.
Temporary burn wound covering
Allograft, cadaver skin or homograft┬аis human cadaver skin donated for medical use. Cadaver skin is used as a temporary covering for excised (cleaned) wound surfaces before autograft (permanent) placement. Cadaver skin is put over the excised wound and stapled in place. After surgery, the cadaver skin may be┬аcovered with a dressing. This temporary covering is removed before permanent autografting.
Xenograft or heterograft┬аis skin taken from a variety of animals, usually a pig. Heterograft skin became popular because of the limited availability and high expense of human skin tissue. Wound coverage using heterograft is a temporary covering used until autograft.
Permanent burn wound covering
Autograft┬аis skin taken from the person burned, which is used to cover wounds permanently. Because the skin is a major organ in the body, an autograft is essentially an organ transplant. Autograft is surgically removed using a dermatome (a tool with a sharp razor blade). Only the top layer of skin is used for donor skin. The site the skin is taken from will heal on its own. There are two types of autografts used for permanent wound coverage:
Sheet┬аgraft is piece of donor skin harvested from an unburned area of the body. The size of the donor skin is about the same size as the┬аburn wounds. The donor sheet is laid over the cleaned wound and stapled in place. The donor skin used in sheet grafts does not stretch; it takes a slightly larger size of donor skin to cover the same burn area because there is slight shrinkage after harvesting. When the body surface area of the burn is large, sheet grafts are saved for the face, neck and hands, making the most visible parts of the body appear less scarred. When a burn is small and there is plenty of donor skin available, a sheet graft can be used to cover the entire burned area.
The disadvantages of sheet grafts are that small areas of graft might be lost from build-up of fluid (hemotoma) under the sheet right after surgery and also need a larger donor site than does meshed skin. A sheet graft is usually more durable and scars less.
Meshed skin grafts┬аvery large areas of open wounds are difficult to cover because there might not be enough unburned donor skin available. It is necessary to enlarge donor skin to cover a larger body surface area. Meshing involves running the donor skin through a machine that makes small slits that allow expansion similar to fish netting. In a meshed skin graft, the skin from the donor site is stretched to allow it to cover an area larger than itself. Healing occurs as the spaces between the mesh fill in with new skin growth. The disadvantages of meshing are that it is less than a sheet graft and that the larger the mesh, the greater the permanent scarring.
Meshing allows blood and body fluids to drain from under the skin grafts, preventing graft loss, and it allows the donor skin to cover a greater burned area because it is expanded.
How skin grafts are held in place
Surgical staples are used to secure the edges of a graft to healthy skin. The staples are put in and taken out with a tool that looks like a pliers. Once the edges have healed together and the graft is stable, the doctor removes the staples.
Sometimes the doctor sutures (stitches) a graft in place with a needle and silk or nylon thread. When the graft is stable, the stitches are removed.
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рддреНрд╡рдЪрд╛ рджрд╛рди рдФрд░ рдкреНрд▓рд╛рд╕реНрдорд╛ рдХрд╛ рдХреНрдпрд╛ рд╕рдВрдмрдВрдз рд╣реИ ?
рдЬрдм рдХреЛрдИрднреА рд╡реНрдпрдХреНрддреА рдЬрдм рдЖрдЧ рдореЗрдВ рдЬрд▓ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ рдФрд░ рдЬрд▓реА рд╣реБрдИ рд╕рд╛рд░реА рддреНрд╡рдЪрд╛ рдХрд╛ рдЬреЛ рдорд░рдгрдкреНрд░рд╛рдп рджрд╛рд╣ рдФрд░ рднрдпрдВрдХрд░ рдЕрд╕рд╣рдиреАрдп рд╡реЗрджрдирд╛ рд╣реЛрддреА рд╣реИ рдЙрд╕рдХрд╛ рдЕрдВрджрд╛рдЬрд╛ рдХреЛрдИ рдирд╣реА рдХрд░ рд╕рдХрддрд╛ рд╣реИ.рдХрдкрдбреЗрд╕реЗ рдЖрдк рдЙрд╕реЗ рдврдХрдиреЗрдХреА рднреА рдХреЛрд╢рд┐рд╢ рдХрд░реЛ рддреЛ рдкреАрдбрд╛ рдФрд░ рдЬреНрдпрд╛рджрд╛ рд╣реЛ рдЬрд╛рддреА рд╣реИ.рдЕрд╕рд╣реНрдп рдкреАрдбрд╛ рдХрдо рд╣реЛ рдЗрд╕рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдпреЗ рдореЙрд░реНрдлреАрди рджрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ.
рдпрд╣ рд╡реЗрджрдирд╛ рдорд░рдг рд╕рдордпрддрдХ рдХрдореА рдирд╣реА рд╣реЛ рд╕рдХрддреА рд╣реИ.рдбреНрд░реЗрд╕рд┐рдВрдЧ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рд▓рд┐рдпреЗ рднреА рднреВрд▓ рджреЗрдХрд░ рдорд░рд╣рдо рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде рдХрдкрдбреЗрдХрд╛ рдЬрд╛рд▓реАрджрд╛рд░ рдмрдБрдбреЗрдЬ рд▓рдЧрд╛рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ.
рд╡реЗрджрдирд╛рдУрдХреА рдХреЛрдИ рд╕реАрдорд╛ рдирд╣реА рд╣реЛрддреА рд╣реИ.рдмрд░реНрди рд╡реЙрд░реНрдб рдореЗрдВ рдЬрд╛рдУрдЧреЗ рддреЛ рдЪрд┐рд▓реНрд▓рд╛рдиреЗ рдФрд░ рдХрд░рд╛рд╣рдиреЗрдХреА рдЖрд╡рд╛рдЬ рд╕реВрди рдирд╣реА рдкрд╛рдУрдЧреЗ рдРрд╕реА рднрдпрдВрдХрд░ рд╕реНрдерд┐рддреА рд╣реЛрддреА рд╣реИ .рд╣рд╡рд╛рдХрд╛ рдЭреЛрдХрд╛ рднреА рдКрд╕ рдЖрджрдореАрдХреА рдЬрд▓реА рд╣реБрдИ рддреНрд╡рдЪрд╛ рдореЗрдВ рднрдпрд╛рдирдХ рдкреАрдбрд╛ рдЙрддреНрдкрдиреНрди рдХрд░рддрд╛ рд╣реИ
рдиреНрдпреВрд░реЛрдЬреЗрдирд┐рдХ рд╢реЙрдХ,рдЪреЛрдЯ рд▓рдЧрдиреЗ рдХреА рдердХрд╛рди,рдФрд░ рдЧрдВрднреАрд░ рджрд░реНрдж рдХреЗ рдХрд╛рд░рдг рд░реЛрдЧреА рдХреА рдореГрддреНрдпреБ рд╣реЛ рд╕рдХрддреА рд╣реИ.
рднреБрдиреЗ рдмреИрдВрдЧрди рдХреЗ рд░рд╕ рдХреЗ рд╕рдорд╛рди рддреНрд╡рдЪрд╛ рдХреА рдЫрд╛рд▓ рд╕реЗ рдирд┐рдХрд▓рдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓рд╛ рдкреНрд▓рд╛рдЬреНрдорд╛ рд░реЛрдЧреА рдХреЗ рд╢рд░реАрд░ рд╕реЗ рдмрд╛рд╣рд░ рдирд┐рдХрд▓ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИредрдФрд░ рдЕрдВрджрд╛рдЬрди 5 рд▓реАрдЯрд░ рд░рдХреНрдд рдХрд┐ рдорд╛рддреНрд░рд╛ рдЬреЛ рд╢рд░реАрд░ рдореЗрдВ рд╣реИ , рдХрдо рд╣реЛрддреА рдЬрд╛рддреА рд╣реИ рдФрд░ haemoconcentration рд╕реЗ рд╡рд╣ рд╡реНрдпрдХреНрддреА рдорд░ рд╕рдХрддрд╛ рд╣реИ. haemoconcentration рддрдм рд╣реЛрддрд╛ рд╣реИ рдЬрдм рд░рдХреНрддрдореЗ рдкреНрд▓рд╛рдЬреНрдорд╛ рдХрдо рд╣реЛрдХрд░ рдмрд╛рдХреА рдкреЗрд╢рд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬреНрдпрд╛рджрд╛ рд╣реЛ рдЬрд╛рддреА рд╣реИ рдФрд░ рд░рдХреНрдд рдХрд╛ рдШрдирд╛рдкрди рдмрдв рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ,рдХрд┐рдбрдиреА рдореЗрдВ рдпрд╣ рдШрдирд╛ рд░рдХреНрдд рдЬрд╛рдиреЗ рд╕реЗ рдХрд┐рдбрдиреА рдХрд╛ рд░рдХреНрдд рдХрд╛ рд╕рдкреНрд▓рд╛рдп рдХрдо рд╣реЛ рдХрд░ рдзреАрд░реЗ рдзреАрд░реЗ рдмрдВрдж рдЬреЛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ рдФрд░ рдХрд┐рдбрдиреА рдлреЗрд▓ рд╣реЛ рдЬрд╛рддреА рд╣реИ рдФрд░ рдЗрд╕ рд╡рдЬрд╣рд╕реЗ рд╢реЙрдХ рд╕реЗ рдЖрджрдореА рдорд░ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ.
рдпрджреА рдЙрд╕рдХреЗ рдкрд╣рд▓реЗ рдпрд╣реА рдЦреВрдирдХрд┐ рдЧреБрдард▓реАрдпрд╛ рдорд╕реНрддрд┐рд╖реНрдХ рдореА рдЬрд╛рдпреЗ рддреЛ рднреА рдЬрд╛рди рдЬрд╛ рд╕рдХрддреА рд╣реИ.рдЗрд╕ рд╕реНрдерд┐рддреА рдХреЛ рдпрджреА рд░реЛрдХрдирд╛ рд╣реИ рддреЛ рдкреНрд▓рд╛рдЬреНрдорд╛ рдХрд╛ рд╢рд░реАрд░рдХреЗрдВ рдмрд╛рд╣рд░ рдмрд╣рдХрд░ рдЬрд╛рдирд╛ рддреБрд░рдВрдд рд░реЛрдХ рджреЗрдирд╛ рдЬрд░реБрд░реА рд╣реЛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ.
рддреНрд╡рдЪрд╛ рджрд╛рди рд╕реЗ рдорд┐рд▓реА рд╣реБрдИ рддреНрд╡рдЪрд╛рдХреЛ рдЖрдЧ рд╕реЗ рдЭреБрд▓рд╕ рдЧрдпреА рддреНрд╡рдЪрд╛рдкрд░ рдЖрд╡рд░рдг рдХрд┐ рддрд░рд╣ рд▓рдЧрд╛рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ рдЬрд┐рд╕реЗ рднрдпрд╛рдирдХ рд╡реЗрджрдирд╛ рдХрдо рд╣реЛ рд╕рдХрддреА рд╣реИ.рдФрд░ рдпрджрд┐ рддреНрд╡рдЪрд╛ рд░реЛрдЧреА рдХреЗ рд╢рд░реАрд░ рджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ рд╕реНрд╡реАрдХрд╛рд░ рдХреА рдЬрд╛рддреА рд╣реИ, рддреЛ рдпрд╣ рдПрдХ рдкреНрд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдХрд╛ рдкреНрд▓рд╛рд╕реНрдЯрд░ рдмрди рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ рдФрд░ рдЗрд╕реЗ рддреНрд╡рдЪрд╛ рдХреЗ рд░реВрдк рдореЗрдВ рд╕реНрд╡реАрдХрд╛рд░ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИред
рд╢рд░реАрд░рд╕реЗ рдмрд╛рд╣рд░ рдЬрд╛рдиреЗрд╡рд╛рд▓рд╛ рдкреНрд▓рд╛рд╕реНрдорд╛ рдХрд╛ рдмрд╣рд╛рд╡ рд░реВрдХ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ рдФрд░ рд╡реЗрджрдирд╛ рднреА рдХрдореА рд╣реЛ рдЬрд╛рддреА рд╣реИ.рдРрд╕реА рд╕реНрдерд┐рддреАрдореЗрдВ рдЗрдиреНрд╕рд╛рди рдмрдЪрдиреЗ рдХреА рд╕рдВрднрд╛рд╡рдирд╛ рдмрдв рдЬрд╛рддреА рд╣реИ
рддреНрд╡рдЪрд╛рджрд╛рди рдХреМрди рдФрд░ рдХреИрд╕реЗ рдХрд░ рд╕рдХрддрд╛ рд╣реИ?
рез) резрео рд╕рд╛рд▓ рд╕реЗ рдЬреНрдпрд╛рджрд╛ рдХреЛрдИрднреА рд╡реНрдпрдХреНрддреА рдореГрддреНрдпреВ рддреНрд╡рдЪрд╛ рджрд╛рди рдХрд░ рд╕рдХрддрд╛ рд╣реИ
реи) рдореГрддреНрдпреВ рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рдж ремрдШрдВрдЯреЛрдХреЗ рдЕрдВрджрд░рд╣реА рддреНрд╡рдЪрд╛ рдирд┐рдХрд╛рд▓рдирд╛ рдЬрд░реБрд░реА рд╣реИ
рей)рддреНрд╡рдЪрд╛рджрд╛рди рдХрд░рдиреЗрд╡рд╛рд▓реЗ рд╡реНрдпрдХреНрддрд┐рдХреЛ рддреНрд╡рдЪрд╛рдХрд╛ рдХреЛрдИрднреА рд░реЛрдЧ рди рд╣реЛ
рек)рдореГрддреНрдпреВ рдХреЛрдИрднреА рдЧрдВрднреАрд░ рдмрд┐рдорд╛рд░реАрд╕реЗ рди рдЖрдпрд╛ рд╣реЛ
рел)рдореГрдд рд╡реНрдпрдХреНрддрд┐рдХреЗ рдкрд░рд┐рд╡рд╛рд░рдХреА рдЕрдиреБрдорддреА рд╣реЛрдирд╛ рдЬрд░реБрд░реА рд╣реИ
рем)рддреНрд╡рдЪрд╛ рдореГрддрдХ рдХреЗ рд╢рд░реАрд░рдХрд┐ рдкреАрдардВ,рдкрд┐рдВрдбрд░реАрдпрд╛ рдФрд░ рдЬрд╛рдВрдШрд╛ рд╕реЗ рдирд┐рдХрд╛рд▓реА рдЬрд╛рддреА рд╣реИ
рен)рддреНрд╡рдЪрд╛ рдорд╢реАрди рд╕реЗ рдирд┐рд░реНрдЬрдВрддреБрдХ рд░реАрддрд┐рд╕реЗ рдирд┐рдХрд╛рд▓реА рдЬрд╛рддреА рд╣реИ рдФрд░ рддреНрд╡рдЪрд╛ рд╡рд┐рджреНрд░реБрдк рдирд╣реА рд╣реЛрддреА рд╣реИ
рео)рдЦреВрди рдирд╣реА рдирд┐рдХрд▓рддрд╛ рд╣реИ рдФрд░ рдЕрддреНрдпрдВрдд рдкрддрд▓рд╛ рд╕реНрддрд░ рдирд┐рдХрд╛рд▓ рд▓реЗрддреЗ рд╣реИ
реп)рдЙрд╕рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рдж рдХреЛрдИрднреА рдзрд╛рд░реНрдорд┐рдХ рд╡рд┐рдзреА рдЖрд╕рд╛рдиреА рд╕реЗ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛ рд╕рдХрддрд╛ рд╣реИ
резреж) рдирд┐рдХрд╛рд▓реА рдЧрдпреА рддреНрд╡рдЪрд╛ 50% рдЧреНрд▓реАрд╕рд░реЙрд▓ рдХреА рдбрд┐рдмреНрдмреАрдореЗ рд░рдЦрддреЗ рд╣реИ
резрез) рекрдбрд┐рдЧреНрд░реА рддрд╛рдкрдорд╛рди рдкрд░ рд╕реБрд░рдХреНрд╖рд┐рдд рд░рдЦреА рдЬрд╛рддреА рд╣реИ
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